Machine tool



Dec. 31, 1935.` c. A. BIRKEBK MACHINE TOOL Filed July 2a,` 1932 1.0 Sheets-Sheet 1 Dec. 31, 1935. c, 4A, BIRKEBAK 2,025,706-

MACHINE TOOL Filed July 28, 1932 lO'SheetS-Sheet 2 Dec. 31, 1935;

C. A. BIRKEBAK MACHINE TOOL Filed July 28, 1932 1o sheets-snee?,` :s

31,1935. c. A. BIRKEBAK I 2,025,706

MACHINE TOOL Filed July 28, 1932 l0 Sheets-Sheet 4 Dec. 31, 1 935. c. A. BIRKEBAK MACHINE TOOL Filed July 28, 1932 1,0. Sheets-Sheet 5 10 Sheets-Sheet 6 Dec. 31, 1935. c. A. BIRKEBAK MACHINE TooL Filed July 28, 1952 Dec. 31, 1935. c. A. BIRKEBAK MACHINE TOOL Filed July 28, 1932 10 sheets-sheet '7 10 Sheets-Sheet 8 fw S y m j 4 /w a@ m. WIJ /w ...Jy .l m I i .Hw/Um .if m wf Dec. 3l, 1935. c. A. BIRKEBAK MACHINE Tool.

Filed July 28, 1952 Dec. 31, 1935. l c, A, BIRKEBAK MACHINE TooL Filed'July 28, 1932 10 Sheets-Sheet 9 MSN) WNW.

Dec. 31, 1935. c. A. BIRKEBAK MACHINE TOOL Filed July 28, 1932 l0 Sheets-Sheet 10 l l l l l l l l l l I 1 I Q .UEE

Patented Dec. 31.21935 l 2,025,706 MACHINE TOOL Christian A. Birkebak, Detroit, Mich.. assignor to u EX-Cell-O Aircraft & Tool Corporation, Detroit, L Mich., a corporation of Michigan Application-July 28, 1932, Serial No. 625,293

17 Claims.

The invention relates to improvements in machine tools and an important object of the invention is to provide such a tool having a movable tool orwork support and a work clamping 'iiX- i 5 ture, together with automatically controlled acl tuating means for the movable support and the clamping means of the fixtureoperable upon an initial manual actuation of a controlmeans to clamp the work', actuate the movable support 10 through a work performing cycle and stop the same upon completion of thecycle, and then unclamp the work.

Another object is to provide a machine tool having a movable support automatically actuated 15 through a working cycle and a work clamping xture having a controlling action upon the actuating means of the movable support.

Another object is to provide a machine tool with a movable support and a'new and improved SD power operated work clamping device controlled in its unclamping operation by the movement of the support. o

` Another object is to provide a machine tool having a manually actuated member for starting 2.3 operation of the machine together with a latch effective to prevent operation of the machine so as to requirethe operator to use both hands to start the machine and thereby prevent injury to the operator.

31) Another object is tp provide a work xture embodying a clamping device and a work positioning device operable to accurately locate a work piece prior to the operation ofthe clamping device and to maintain the work piece in this location until it has been clamped.

Another object is to provide a work locating device operable to position a work piece, the

device being arranged to engage a surface which 'is to be operated uponby a tool, and adapted to 45) be withdrawn from the work into a remote inoperative position: 4

"' Another object is to provide a machine tool embodying -a work xture with a guard extending from the xture b'eyoiid'tiieftool and coop- Aerating with other parts oi' the machine frame to enclose the tool in all positions -ofV the movmond boring machine embodying the features of theninvention."

Fig. 2 is a plan View of the machine shown in Fig. 1. y

Fig. 3 is a fragmental vertical sectional view 5 taken along the line 3--3 of Fig. 2 and showing the work fixture in its closed relation with the work clamped therein. A

Figm4 is a fragmental vertical sectional view showing one of the work clamps in its released 10 position.

Fig. 5 is a fragmental vertical sectional view taken substantially along the line 5 5 of Fig. 2 and showing the work fixture with its cover in open position. l5'

Fig. 6 is' a fragmental horizontal sectional view taken substantially along the line 6 6 of Fig. 3 and showing the work-locating ngers in their active positions.

Fig. 7 is a fragmental view similar to Fig. 6 20 and showing the locating fingers in their withdrawn or inactive positions. Fig. 8 is a fragmental perspective view of one set of locating ngers.

Fig. 9 is a fragmental Vertical sectional view 25I open position and showing the ejectorpin trip mechanism about to be released;

Fig. l2 is a. fragmental vertical sectional viewl3.5 taken substantially along the line l2-I 2 of Fig. 5.

. Fig. 13- is a fragment-.al horizontal sectional view taken substantially along the line -I3--I3 of Fig. 5 and showing the control` mechanism.

Fig. 14 is an enlarged vertical sectional viewy40' taken along the line I4-I4 ofFig. 13 and showing the cam `for controlling the operation of the cover of the xture.

Figs, 15 and 16 are sectional )views lsimilar to Fig. 14 which show the cams'for controlling the 45 operation of the locating iingers and the clamps.

Fig. 1-'7 is asectional view taken along the line' |1--I1 of Fig. 13 and showing the switch operating cam.

Fig. 18 is a diagrammatic view of the actuating 50 and control mechanism of the work xture.r

Fig. 19 is a diagrammaticview of the hydraulic actuating and control circuits for the work table. While my invention is susceptible of embodiment in many different forms, I have' shown in 55 the drawings and will herein describe in detail one such embodiment, with the understanding that the present disclosure is to be considered as an exemplication of the principles of the in- The machine in. general 'Ihe preferred form of the invention is herein disclosed as embodied in a machine having an elongated bed Ill with bridge-like tool supports II adjustably mounted at opposite ends thereon.

On the supports II, a plurality of tools I2 and I 2a are respectively mounted so that work carried in a xture I3 on a longitudinally reciprocable table I4 may be moved into operative relation with the tools on either yof the supports II. The table I4 is of elongated form supported and guided on spaced longitudinally extending ways I5 (Fig. 5) on the bed I0, and in the form shown the ends of the'table move beneath the bridge-like tool supports II.

'I'he invention is illustrated in connection with a diamond boring machine and the tools (Fig. 19) arev diamond iiy tools I2 and I2a carried by rotatable spindles I 6 and I6a mounted on the supports II, preferably with the spindles I6 and IIa in axial alinement so that the table I4 upon movement in opposite directions may bring the workinto cooperative relation alternately wit the tools I2 and I2.

A machine of this character is especially useful fin accurately boring the wrist pin holes of engine pistons, the ends of connecting rods or the hubs of gears. Accordingly, where roughing and iinishing operations are to be performed, the tools I2 may be used as roughing tools and may be made of carboloy, while the tools I 2 may constitute the finishing tools and are diamond y tools. X

In the present instance, three sets of axially alined spindles I6 and IIa (Fig. 2) are provided mounted in separate tool supporting structures I1 secured on the supports II, and work pieces for one or more of the sets may be mounted in the fixture I3. In the present case, each set of tools is adapted to operate on an engine piston W (Figs. 4, 6 and 19) having two diametrically alined wrist pin holes A to be bored, and the piston W is mounted in the fixture I3 inthe rela tion shown diagrammaticaly in Fig. 19. Movemunt of the table I4 to the left (Figs. 1 and 19) cal'ses the tool I2 Vto take a roughing cut in both The tableactuating means f Thetable I4 is preferably actuated and controlled by automatic means providing for speed changes, direction reversal, and stopping of the table. This means may be of any preferred type and construction, but as herein shown, it is hydraulic in character substantially similar to that disclosed and claimed in a copending application 'by Carroll R. Alden, Serial No. 599,427 led March 17, 1932. Since the speed change means employed is not related to the present invention, die disclosure herein has been simplied by eliminating the speed changing elements of the table-actuating and control means andl conlning the description to the starting, stopping and direction reversing elements thereof.

The hydraulic table-actuating motor may be of any preferred type such as a cylinder rI9 (Figs. 3 and 5) xed to and extending longitudinally 10 beneath the table I4 and having therein a stationary piston (not shown) supported on the bed I0 by tubular piston rods 29 (Figs. 3 and 19) extendingthrough the ends of the cylinder I9. Opposite ends of the cylinder -I9 are connected, 15 through their piston rods 20, to two fluid conduits 2I and 22 (Fig. 19) leading to a direction valve 23.

The direction valve 23 (Fig. 19) may be of any desired construction, and preferably comprises 2( an elongated cylindrical bore24 formed in a suitable valve casing and having closed ends. A valve piston 25 of the spool type is mounted for reciprocation in the bore 24. Formed in the peripheral wall of the valve bore 24 are two axially 25 spaced ports 26 and 21 (diagrammatically shown in Fig. 19) connected respectively to the conduits 2I and 22. Two inlet ports 28 and 29, located respectively beyond the ports 2B and 21, also y communicate. with the valve bore 24 and are 30 constantly connected through a pressure iluid supply conduit 30 to 'a suitable source of pressure uid such as a low pressure pump SI. Intermediate the ports 28 and 29, an exhaust port 32 is formed communicating with an exhaust conduit 33. The valve piston 25 is formed with four longitudinally spaced peripheral collars or heads 34, 35, 36 and 31 defining peripheral spaces 38, 39 and 40 through which communication between various ports may be established. 40

It will be evident thatupon movement of the valve piston 25 to the left (Fig. 19) the space 40 will connect the ports 26 and 29 to supply pressure uid to th'e conduit 2I leading to the left end of the table cylinder, and the space 39 will 45 connect the ports V21 and 32 and establish communication, through conduit 22, between the right end of the table cylinder I9 and the exhaust conduit 33, thus instituting movement of Cal the .table I4 to the left. -Reversal of the posi- 50' tion of the valve piston 25 similarly institutes movement of the table to the right.

An automatic reset pilot mechanism responsive to the movement of the table I4 is provided for reversing' the direction valve 23. The p11ot55 mechanism comprises two valves 4I and 42 for effecting reversal of the table respectively to the left and right. The valves 4I and 42 respectively comprise vertical valve bores 43 and 44 which may be formed in any suitable casings and which G0 in the present instance are formed by valve plates 45 x'ed on the front of the bed I0. Slidably disposed in the respective valve bores 43 and 44 lare two valve plungers 46 and 41 of the spool-type formed respectively with upper and lower periph- 65 eral collars or heads 48 and 49, and 50 and 5I defining annular spaces 49a and 5.011. The upper ends of the bores 43 and 44 are constantly in communication with a branched conduit 52 adapted to be connected through a stop valve 53 either to the source of pressure uid or the exhaust.

The spaces 49a and 50a, regardless of the positions of the plungers 46 and 41, are always in` `sure at both ends.

haust conduit 54 which is controlled by the valve 53. A cross conduit opens at oneend to the bottom of thebore 43, and at the other end to the side of the bore 44 adjacent the top for connection through movement of the head 58 either with the supply conduit 52 or the exhaust conduit 54. Likewise, a cross conduit 56 opens at and right hand ends of the direction valve bore The bores 43 and 44 preferably open upwardly through the plates 45 and are closed aty their lower ends, and the upper ends, of the plungers 46 and 41 extend slidably from the upper .ends of the `valve bores.

permost positions when subjected to fluid pres- The exposed upper ends of the plungers 46 and 41 are beveled to constitute reversing abutments adapted for engagement by suitable control Adogs 51 and 58 with inclined faces mounted on the front of the work table I4. The location andspacing of thedogs 51 and 58 on the table I4 is dependent upon the desired extent and range of reciprocation. p

Assuming that the stop valve 53 is adjusted to connect the supply conduit 52 to the source of pressure fluidj'and that the right hand plunger `41 is in its uppermost position, pressure uid from theconduit 52Ywill be transmitted through the upper end of the valve bore 43 and the cross conduit 56 to the lower end of thevalve bore 44 and also to the right hand end of the direction valve bore 24; and the lower end of the valve bore 43 and the left end of the direction valve bore 44 will be connected through the cross conduit 55 and the space 4!)a to the exhaust conduit 54 and thence to the drain 33. Hence, the plunger 46 will occupy its lowermost position, andthe direction valve piston 25 will be moved'to the -end of the valve bore 44 and establishing a connection therefrom to the ypressure conduit 52. Thereupon the plunger 46 is elevated into operative position, thereby breaking the pressure connection to the lower end of the bore 44 and the right hand end of the direction valve bore 24, and establishing a connection therefrom to the exhaust. As a result, the direction valve piston 25 is moved to the right to reverse the movement ofthe table I4. Upon'movement of the table I4 to its extreme right position, the dog 51 depresses the plunger 46, thereby reestablishing the initial connections and resetting the plunger 41 in its uppermost position.

The stop valve 53 (Figs. 5 and 19)isloperable either automatically or manually to interrupt the Ptranslation of the work table I4, and in. its preferred form comprises a valve b ore or chamber 68 vertically positioned and formed in a plate 6I which' may be fixed on the rearA side of the bed I8,

the bore being closed at the bottom' and being I open at 'its upper end to permit the upper end of ciprocably disposed in the bore 60. On the p ends and at an intermediate point.

It will be evident that-*thel lower ends of the plungers 46 and 41 constitute differential pistons which will assume their uperal collars or heads 62, 63, 64 and 65 .which dene annular spaces 66, 61 and 68. The plunger 53 thus constitutes adifferential piston which whensubjected at both ends to the same pressure tends to assume its uppermost position.

The supply' conduit 38 is connected through three parallel branch conduits 69, 18, and 1I to the bore 68 respectvely at the upper and lower Interposed in the lower branch conduit 10 isa restricted oriiice 10a. The exhaust conduit 54 is connected through tw' parallel branch conduits 12 and 13 to the bore 68 at spaced points intermediate the conduits 69, 18 and 1I. A back pressure valve 14a is interposed in the discharge end of the system ahead of the exhaust conduit 54 and back of the direction valve 23. The pressure conduit 52 for the pilot reset valves 4I and 42 is connected to the bore 60 at a point such that ywhen the plunger 53 is in its uppermost position-'communication -will be established therewith through the space poslte ends of the bore 44 and adapted to engage the ends of 'the direction valve piston 25 when urged inwardly. The outer ends of the bores 16 and 11v are-connected to a branched conduit 18 which opens to the bore 68 above the conduit 13 and atfsuch. a point that 'it will communicate through the space 68 with the exhaust conduit 54 when the plunger 53 is elevated, and through the space 61 lwith the supply conduit 30 when the plunger 53 is depressed, Itwillbe evident that when the stop valve plunger 53 is depressed to connect both ends of the-main valve bore v24 to the exhaust conduit 54, and simultaneously to connect the conduit'l to the supply conduit. 38, the impressed pressure uid in'the bores16 and 11 will force the centering pistons 14 and 15 into their innermost positions, thus causing selfcentering of the main valve piston 25 to interrupt the conduit connections to the'table cylinder I9.

Downward movement of the stop plunger 53' may be effected-at will by' means of a manual I control which in the present instance consists of a' valve 88 (Figs. v1, 3, 5 and 19) .K Preferably the valve comprises a casing 8| fitted in a recess in the front ofthe bed I8 and having an axial valve bore 82. The bore 82 is connected atits -inner end te the pressure conduit 52, and is formed at points spaced along its length with annular ports 83 and 84 connected respectively to the exhaust conduit 33 and a conduit 85 open` ing into the lower end of the-bore 69 beneath the stop valve plunger 53. .-The valve88 is slidably mounted in the bore 82 with its stem projecting forwardly from the base. Within the bore 82, the valve plunger 88 is formed with a peripheral space 86B. adapted either to connect or disconnect the conduits and 33. 'Obviously upon actuating the valve 88 to connect the yconduits 85 and 33,

the lower end of the bore 68 will be opened to the "exhaust, and due to the orifice 10a, a substantial pressure reduction will occur beneathI the stop plunger 53 'are four longitudinally spaced periph-` plunger 53, thereby causing the latter to descend to stop the work table I4. Upon actuating the valve 80 in the opposite direction, the pressure iiuid will again be admitted to the underside of the stop valve plunger 53 thus causing the latter to return upwardly to its operative position and thereby .instituting movementl of the table as determined by the setting of the direction valve 23.

Where a roughing cut and a finishing cut are to be taken upon movement of the work table I4 in opposite directions, it is desirable to provide meansV for automatically stopping the table upon movement thereof after the finishing cut into a central or neutral position. This means (Figs. 5 and 19) comprises a pivotal drop pawl -or dog- 86 movable with the work table I4 and on the rear edge of the table I4 and a forwardly projecting pin V81 carried on a mounting plate 88 is' adapted for engagement in a slot 89 formed in one side of the dog 86 to limit pivotal movement of the dog in one direction.

In vmovement of the table I4 to the right, (Fig. 19), the dog` 96 pivots away from the pin 81 upon contact with the plunger 53 so that the plunger is not depressed by such engagement, but upon movement of the table |4 to the' left into the neutral or loading position, the dog will pivot toward the pin 81 and will thus be effective to depress the stop plunger. Thestop plunger 53 is not depressed into its lowermost position or sufl'iciently to release the dog 86, although the slight pivotal movement permitted by the pin 81 causes the center of` gravity of the dog 86 to be located to the right (Fig. 19) of the pivotal center of the dog. To again institute operation of the table I4, as for a succeeding cycle, the

control valve is actuated, either manually.

or automatically, to connect the conduits 85 and 33, thereby causing the plunger 53 to drop to its lowermost position. f The dog 86 is thereby released and drops to the left (Fig. 19) so as to clear the path for proper movement of the stop plunger 53. The stop plunger 53 however remains in its lowermost or table-setting position until the control valve 80 is again withdrawn to its outermost position, whereupon the increased pressure in the lower end of the valve bore 60 elevates the plunger 53 and permits the feeding of the table I4 to the left as determined by the position of the direction valve 23.

To provide for convenient manual actuation of the control plunger 80, a horizontal rock shaft 90 is mounted. in brackets 9| on the forward side of the bed I0 and a lever 92 fixed on the rock shaft 90 intermediate its ends has an eccentrically located pin thereon (not shown) engaging 'a grooved head 93 on the valve plunger 80. At its ends, the rock shaft 90 carries hand levers 9 for manually actuating theshaft. v

The machine is preferably arranged so that the work is inserted into the fixture I3 laterally with respect to the path of movement of the table I4, in the present instancejfrom the top of the fixture. With such an arrangement, the distance between the tools I2 and IZB'may be but slightly greater than the width of the work (Fig. 19) whereby to reduce the length of the stroke required for the table I4. It also permits the mounting of guards 95 (Figs. 1, 2, 9 and 12) on the sides of the-fixture I3 so as to extend along the tool spindles I6 and I6a to completely cover and guard the spindles and tools in all positions `of the table. The guards 95 in the present case extend over the tops of the spindle mounting structures I1 vand are -of course optional.

The work fixture I3 comprises a hollow base 5 section 96 fixed on the table I4 and recessed from the top to receive three work pieces such as pistons W, onebetween each of the three alined pairs of tools I2 and |29, and a movable section or cover 91 on the base section 96 shift- 10 able about a horizontal pivotal axis to close the top of the recesses. While the cover 91 is in its open position (Figs. 5 and 12), the pistons W are inserted into sockets or seats provided by sleeves 98 and bottom plates 99 mounted within the base l5 96, and thebearings A of the pistons W are approximately alined with the tools I2 and I2 and with openings |00 and |0| formed in the sides of the hollow base 96 and in the sleeves 98.

' The cover 91 is then closed to bring pivoted 2O clamping bars |02 carried thereby into contact with the uppermost edges of the skirts of the pistons W. Two such clamping bars |02 are provided for each of theypistons W (Figs. 5 and 9). Each bar |02 is pivoted at |03 on a horizontal 25 axis and is yieldingly pressed toward the work pieces by springs |04, (Fig. 9). Thus, the pistons` W are clamped by a yielding pressure against the bottom plate 99, the vertical position of the pistons being accurately determined by upstand- 3() ing pins 99a on the bottom plate and engaging the closed ends of the pistons.

While thus clamped, the pistons W may be rotated about a vertical axis to bring the bearings A into accurate alinement with the tools, 35 and such rotation of the pistons is accomplished by shiftable locating fingers |05. Two such locating fingers |05 are provided for each piston W, and they preferably are adapted to act upon the internal surfaces of the bearings A. In opera- 40 tion, the two locating ngers |05 are moved axially into the bearings A, and are then moved transversely of the longitudinal axis of the bearings until both locating fingersare in contact with corresponding internal surfaces of the bear- 45 ings. The operative contact surfaces or ends |059L of the two locating fingers of each pair are maintained at all times in a parallel relation to the tools I2 and I2a so that such movement of the fingers into contact with. the corresponding 50 internal surfaces of the bearings A serves to rotate the pistonW into the desired angular relation to the tools.

' In the present case, the locating fingers |05 of each pair bear a .scissors-like relation to each 55 other to provide for movement of the ends |05I thereof into the bearings A, and are carried on a slide block |06 (see Figs. 6 to. 8) mounted for horizontal movement in the base 96 transversely of the axis of the'tools. Intermediate their ends, C0 the locating fingers |05 are pivoted at I 01 on vertical .aXes on the slide block |06. By movement of the locating fingers about the pivots |01, the ends |05a may be moved toward and away from each other so as to permit the fingers to be moved C5.

into the bearings A of the pistons. Such pivotal movement of the locating fingers |05 is obtained automatically in the reciprocatory movement of the slide block |06-by meansof cam rollers |08 mounted on the other ends of thelocating fingers 70 |05, and engaging cam grooves |09 formed in blocks ||0 secured in the base 96 (Fig. 6). As will be evident from a comparison of Figs. 6 and '1, m-ovement of the slide block |08 from the position shown in Fig. 7 to 'the position shown in Fig. `6 75 moves the rollers |08 through angular portions |098L of the camv grooves |09 so as to pivot the fingers |05 and shift the ends |05at thereof toward each other and into the bearings A. Continued movement engages the ends |05a with the sides of the bearingsA and accurately alines the same with the tools. In the withdrawing movement, the locating fingers |05 are separated so-as to avoid shifting or displacement of the pistons W.

Extending slidably through all three of the slide blocks |06 isa longitudinally shiftable horizontal rod (Figs. 5 and 6 to 9) through which the three sets of locating lingers |05 are actuated in unison. Movement of the rod tending to j are slidable on the rod |2I.

V between a stationary part of the,structure and an shift the locating fingers |05 to their active positions is transmitted yieldingly to the slide blocks |06 by coil springs H2 surrounding the rod and acting between the blocks |00 and collars 3 fixed on the rod. In the reverse movement of the rod H the slide blocks |06 are shifted positively by engagement with the collars I3.

While held in accurately determined positions by the locating fingers |'0 5, the pistons W are se cured in place by clamps H5, which preferably comprise clamping leversl I6 and H1 (Fig. 4) carried by the cover 91 and extending downwardly within the skirts of the pistons W.` Each lever the lever H1 is obtained bymeans of a yieldable lost motion connection I9 between the lever H1 and an arm |20 on the lever H6.

Mounted on the outside of the cover 91 in bearings |22 for longitudinal sliding movement from. front to rear of the fixture is a rod |2| (Figs. 2'

and 3) for simultaneously actuating the three clamps H5. The ends H6b of the clamp levers H6 are bifurcated so as to straddle therod |2| between sets of two fixed collars |23 and |23, The collars |23 engage the levers H6 and in the rearward movement of the rod |2| serve to effect positive release of the clamps. In the opposite.

or clamping movement of the rod, actuation of the clamps is yieldable in character by reason of springs |25 coiled about the rod and actingbetween xed collars |23a and the collars |24 which After lthe work upon the pistons W has been completed, and the' clamps H5 released andthe cover 91 opened, the pistons are moved upwardly in the sleeves 98 by work ejector pins |26 (Fig. 9), f

two of which may be moved upwardly through suitable openings in each of the bottom plates 99. The work ejecting pins |26 of each pair are mounted on a block |21, and the blocks I 21 are actuated in unison through pin and slot connections |30 by arms |28 xed on a rock shaft |29. The ejector pins |26 are normally withdrawn downwardly into inoperative position bya spring |3|acting arm |32 (Figs. 1 ande) xed on the forward end of the shaft |29.

In the present embodiment, the ejector pins |26 are actuated as an incident to the opening movement of the cover 91, such actuation being lobtained through a ratchet connection which releases the pins for retractive movement by the spring |3| after the pistons W have been raised an appreciable distance in the sleeves 98. Thus movement o f the cover 91.

any binding action between the pistons W and the sleeves 98 is overcome so that the pistons may be easily removed, and the pins |26 are retracted to permit insertion of new work pieces.

The ratchet connection between the cover 91 5 and the ejector pins |26 includes an arm |33 (Figs. 1, 2, 3, 5, 9, 10, 11 and 18) formed with a hub |34 at one end, the hub being rotatably mounted on the`forward end of a rock shaft |35 journaled in the base section 96 and-upon which the cover 10 91 is fixed. A bolt |36, upon which the spring |3| is anchored, serves to hold the hub. |34 in place on the shaft |35. Pivoted intermediate its ends at |31 in a lug |38 on the cover 91 is a lever or pawl I 39 which extends lengthwise of the shaft 15 |35 so, that its forward end is positioned beside the hub |34. A spring |40 actingbetween the shaft |35 and the other end of the pawl |39 presses the forward end of the pawl against the hub |36 so that it will engage a radially projecting 20 lug or tooth |4| formed on the hub. Thus, in rotation of the shaft |35 to open the cover 91, the pawl |39 engages the tooth |4| and rotates the hub |34 and its associated arm |33, which through alink |42, connected to the arm |32, actu- 25 ates the ejector pins |26.

A guide member |43 xedto the shaft |35 adjacent to the hub |34 has a radial slot |44 therein which embraces and guides the pawl |39 for movement radially out of engagement with 30 the tooth |4|. Such disengagement of the pawl |39 is caused by a stationary cam plate |45. (Figs. 10 and 11) fixed on the base section 96 and loosely surrounding the shaft |35 just rearwardly of the guide member |43. The cam plate |45 pro- 35 vides a cam surface |46 with which the `forward portion of the pawl |39 engagesin the opening l The slope of the cam vsurface |46 is such 'that the pawl |39 is dis- "engaged from the tooth |4| just prior to the com- 40 pletion ofthe cover-opening movement. The Aspring |3| then causes reverse rotation of the arms |32 and |33 so as to withdraw the ejector 'pins- |26 and return the arm |33 .to the position J`shown in Fig. 1. In this position of thek arm |33, the pawl |39 is positioned radiallyoutwardly of a surface |41 (Fig. 11) formed on the tooth 4| concentric with the shaft |35 so that the pawl may bear against the surface |41 inthe returnA or closing movement of the cover 91. Just before V5o the closing movement of thecover is completed Vthe pawl |39 passes they end of the surface |41 and is forced inwardly against the hub |34 in position to engage the tooth |4| in the'subsequent f opening'of the cover. 55

The fixture actuating means The cover 91 with its associated clamp bars |02 and the ejector pins |26. the locating fingers |05 and the clamps H5 are preferably actuated 60 in predetermined sequence by automatically operating power means. The actuating means maybe of any preferred construction but in the present case it is hydraulic in character and comprises three double-acting piston and cylinder 65 devices |50, |5| and |52 connected respectively to thecover 91, the locating fingers |05 and the clamps H5.

The piston and-cylinder device (Figs. -1, 2, 3, 5, 12 and 18) which operates the cover 91, the 70 'clamping bars |02 carried by the cover and the` ejector vpins |26, is mounted at the rear end of the base 96 of the fixture, and comprises a stal tionary vertically positioned cylinder |50a having a movable piston |50b therein with an associated 75 vertical piston rod |53 extending upwardly through the top end wall of the cylinder |508. On its projecting end, the piston rod |53 carries a rack |54 mounted for sliding movement in a guide |55 which holds the rack in engagement with a pinion |56. The pinion |56 is keyed to the horizontal rock shaft |35 upon which the cover 91 is xed. Thus rocking movement of the shaft |35 through the medium of the piston and-cylinder device |50 serves to open or close the cover 91, and, as an incident to'such movement to actuate the clamping bars |02 and the ejector pins The piston and cylinder device |5| (Figs.1, 3, 5, 6, 'l and 18) for actuating the locating ngers |05 is positioned at the forward end of the xture I3 and comprises a stationary cylinder |5|a fixed in a horizontal position on the base section 96 in alinement with the actuating rod of the locating fingers. Within the cylinder |5|a is a slidable piston |5|b with an associated piston rod |51 connected at |58 to the rod for reciprocating the same.

The interrelated automatic eontmz of the fatturev (md the table i The various elements of `the Work fixture are preferably operatedy in predetermined timed sepresent embodiment of the invention the operation of the work fixture control means is interrelated with the ,table I4 and the table control means to provide for a fully automatic manually initiated cycle of operation.

Thus, an initial vmanual actuation of a control element after the work pieces W have been placed in the xture causes an automatic operation of the machine,Y

,in which operation the cover of -the fixture is 4control device |60 comprises a six-Way valve |6| (Figs. 2, 13 and 14) for controlling the passage of pressure fluid to and from the three piston and cylinder devices |50, |5| and |52. The valve |6| comprises a casing |62 vwith three parallel bores |63, |64 and |65 and valve members |66,

.I 61 and |68 ofr the spool-type reciprocable therein.

Each of the three valve members has three spaced heads |69, |10 and |1| defining peripheral spaces |12 and |13. In one position, the space |12 communicates with a pressurel inlet port |14 formed -in the casing |62, while thespace |13 communicateswith one of two ports |15i of a branched exhaust passage |15. The pressure inlet port |14 .may be supplied with pressure fluid' from the supply pump 3| of the table actuating means.

Each of the valve bores |63, |64 and |65 has a pair of longitudinally spaced ports similar to ports is constantly incommunication` with the space |13 while theport |63b isconstantly in communica- 4to engage the corresponding cam disks.

tion with the space |12 so that reversal of the position of the valve member |66 reverses the pressure and exhaust connections to the ports |63a and |63".

As shown in Fig. 18, the port, |63a is connected by a conduit |16 to the upper end of the cylinder |562L while the port -|63b is connected by a conduit |11 to the lower end of the cylinder.' Similar conduits |18 and |19 connect ports '|649 and |64b respectively with the forward and rear ends of the cylinder |5|- which is employed to actuate the locating fingers |05. Conduits and |8| communicating with ports |65a and |65b are connected respectively tothe rear and front ends of the cylinder |52,a which actuates the clamps ||5.

The valve members |66, |61 and |68 areactuated in predetermined timed sequence by means comprising a plurality of disk cams 82, |83 and |84 xed on a rotatable control vor cam shaft |85 mounted in a horizontal position within alhousing |86 which constitutes a continuation of the valve casing |62. The valve members |66, |61 and |68 have rollers |81 thereon adapted The rollers are heldin engagement with the cam disks by expansive springs |88 mounted in' the valve casing |62 and acting against the valve members. The control shaft |85 is preferably actuated by an electric motor |89 through a belt |90 and pulleys |9| and |92 connected to an enclosed speed reducing gear train |93 (Fig. 13), the terminal gear |94 of which is fixed on the control shaft |85. l

The cams |82; |83 and 84 are so related and proportioned that in rotation of the control shaft 35 clockwise direction from the positions shown in |85 through substantially 270 in a' counterquence by suitable control means, and in they Figs. 14 to 16, the operative elements of the work fixture are caused to move through a work clamping cycle, while rotation of the control shaft through an additional back to the position of. Figs. 14 to 16 causes the unclamping operation of the elements of the fixture.

When the control shaft |85 is in the position of Figs. 14 to 17, the rollers |81 of the three valve members |66, |61 and |68 engage concentric dWe.l surfaces |95, |96 andO |91 formed respectively on the cams |82, |83 and |84, sch engagement being at points indicated by the letter B in Figs. 14, 15 and 16. When in this relation to their cams, the valve members are moved by the springs |88 tothe left as shown in Fig. 14, so as to connect the spaces |12 with the pressure fluid inlet ports |1'4"and the spaces |13 .with the exhaust ports |15. The cover 91 is therefore in its open position, the clamps ||5 in their unclamped relation, and the locating fingers |05 in the withdrawn relation of Fig. 7.

Upon initiation of the clamping cycle of the' control shaft |85, the rollers |81 of the valves |61 and |68 continue to bear against the concentric dwell surfaces |96 and |91 (Figs. 15 and 16) while a leading surface |98 on the cam |82 moves into contact with the associated roller |81 andshifts the valve |66 to the right as shown in Fig. 14.v This reverses the position of the'valve |66and hence reverses the pressure and exhaust connections to the cover actuatingf piston and cylinder device |50 so as to cause closing movement of the cover 91. l A r Whentherotative movement of the control shaft |85 has engaged the various cams with their rollers `at points C, the clamping movement n of the cover 91 has been completed and the roller |61 of the valve |66 is engaged with a concentric dwell surface |99 which maintains the valve |66 in its reversed right hand position (Fig. 14) so that the cover 91 is held in its closed position. In continued rotative movement of 4the control shaft |85 to bring the points D of the cams into contact with the Various rollers I 81, the positions of the valves |66 and |68 remain unchanged since their rollers |81 bear against the concentric dwell surfaces |99 and |91. The valve |61 however, is reversed during such movement of the control shaft by a leading surface 200 formed on the cam |83 intermediate the points C and D. 'Hence the locating fingers |05 are moved to their active positions of Fig. 6. Atthe point D (Fig. 15) the leading surface 208 on the cam |83 merges with a concentric dwe-il surface which, during continued rotation of the shaft |85, maintains the valve I 61 in its right hand position so as to cause the positioning ngers to remain in their active relation to the work. l I

While the dwell surfaces |99 and 20| maintain the valves |66 and |61 in their right hand positions, continued rotation of the control shaft I65-brings a leading surface 203 on the cam |84- (Fig. 16) into contact With'the associated roller |81 so as to reverse the position of the valve |68 and cause movement of the clamps II5 to their active work-clamping positions. The roller |81 ofthe valve |68 then engages a dwell surface 204 at the point E and maintains `the valve |68 in its reversed position.

As the control shaft E continues to rotate ay receding surfacev285, formed on the cam |83 (Fig. 15) between the points E and F and connecting the dwell surfaces |96 and 20|, permits the valve |61 to be returned to its left hand po-` sition by the associated spring |88 so as to-restore the original pressure and exhaust connections ito the piston and cylinder device |5I and thereby cause withdrawal of the locating fingers |05. During such withdrawal of the locating lingers the valves |66 and |68 are held in their reversed positions by the dwell surfaces |99 and 204 so as to maintain the cover`91 in its closed position and the clamps I I5 in their active relation to the work. When the cams have' been rotated by the controlshaft |85 so as to engage the rollers |81 at the points G, the clamping cycle of the fixture has been completed and the rotation of the control shaft is stopped. In the unclamping cycle of the control shaft |85, the dwell surface |99 on the cam |82 holds the -vaflve |66 in its reversed or right hand posi-7 tjonwhile a receding surface 201, formed on the cam |84 intermediate the points G and H and connecting the dwell surfaces |91 and 204, permits the valve v|68 to resume its original position and thereby .cause releasing movement of the clamps II5. A receding surface 208 formed on the cam |82 between the points H and B then p ermits the valve |66 to move to the left andv cause opening of the cover 91' and actuation of the ejector pins |26, l

Rotation of the control shaft |85 is startedand stopped by making, and breaking an electric circuit to the motor |89, and overrunning of the shaft |85 is prevented by a spring actuated brake leverv 2|!) (Fig. 13) bearing against the internal surface of a ange 2|| formed on the pulley |92. 1 Y

In the present embodiment, power' is supplied to the motor |89 from power lines 2|2 and.2|3. 'I'he power line 2I3 is connected directly to the motor while theipower line 2|2 has two parallel control circuits interposed therein. One of these parallel circuits constitutes a'starting circuit for the motor and includes conductors 2| 4, 2I5 and 2I6 with a normally open switch 2| 1 therein.

The switch 2I1 is of the push button type, and is mounted on the forward face of the' right hand -tool support II. The other' of the two parallel circuits in the line 2|2 comprises the conductor 2I6, and conductors 2|8, 2I9 and 220, and constitutes a running circuit for the motor. In the running circuit, is a switch 22| mounted in a suitable box 222 on the control device |60 (Figs. 3, 1'7 and 1S). The switch 22| is actuated by a vertically movable plunger 223 (Fig. 17) connected to an actuating arm 224v of the switch. A spring 225 surrounding the plunger tends to urgethe switch 22| into its open position, and to maintain the plunger in contact with a cam disk.226 operable by the control shaft |85. When the control shaft I85 is in the position shown in Figs. I4 to I8, the plunger 223 is positionedwithitsupper 20 end in a notch 221 in the cam 226 so that switchl 22| is open. When the work clamping cycle. of the control shaft |85 is initiated by closing the starting switch 2|1, the cam 226 is rotated and a leading surface 228 vthereon engages the plunger 223 to compress the spring 225 and thereby close the switch 22|. A concentric dwell surface 229 on the cam 226 is then moved into contact with the end of the plunger 223 to maintain the switch in its closed position.

To break the running circuit of the motor and thereby stop rotation of .the control shaft |85 upon completionof its clamping cycle, a second switch` 230 is provided between the conductors 2|8 and 2I9. The switch 238 is automatically 35 controlled by movement of the table I4, a pivoted ldog 231 (Figs. 3, 5, 12, and 18) being mounted on the rear edge of the table to engage a pivoted operating arm 232 of the switch 230. The arm 232 is located outside of a box 233 which encloses et()l toward a normal cpen position-which tends to l 'so that closure of the other switch 22| serves to complete the running circuit to the motor |89. Upon movement of the table I4 and the associated dog 23|, the arm 232 is released and the switch 2,30 opens, thereby causingthe control shaft |85 to stop. When the roughing operation has been completed and the table. returns and passes its central position, the dog 23| engages the lever 232 and is pivoted away from astop pin 235 so as to beineffective as a switch closing means. After the finishing operation has been completed, the table returns to its centraljpo'sition from the opposite direction and the dog 23| engages the switch operating arm 232 and is moved into contact with the stop pin 235. The dog 23| therefore serves to depress the lever arm 232 and closes the switch 230. The running circuit` to the motor is thereby reestablished and the control shaft moves through its unclamping cycle `which is terminated by movement of the `switch plunger 223 into the notch 221 in the cam. disk 226.

In order that the switch 238 may be opened and the clamping cycle terminated at the proper point in the rotation of the control shaft |85, the 7E Cil initiation of the table movement preferably is governed by the control shaft |85. This end is attained by means acting on the manual table control plunger 88 and including the piston and cylinder )device |5| which actuates the locating ngers |05.L Accordingly, a slide 236 is mounted ina guide 231 oirthe underside. of the projccting forward end of the base 96 of the xture for horizontal movement toward and away from the forward face of the bed I0. The slide 236 is Apositioned directly above the arm 92 which actuates the table control plunger 80. A pivoted latch 238 mounted on the slide has a downwardly facing notch 239 adapted to engage atooth 245 fixed on the arm 92. Between the guide 231 and an upwardly projecting arm 24| on the latch 238, a spring 242 acts to pivot the latch 238 downwardly into engagement with the tooth 240.

The slide 236 is reciprocated by a bell crank device mounted in the base l91 `of the yfixture and acting between the slide and the piston and cylinder'device |5I.- As shown in Fig. 18, the bell crank device comprises a vertical shaft 243 rotatably mounted in the base section 95 at one side of the slide 236 and having laterally projecting arms 244 and 245 xed at its upper and lower ends. The arms 244 and 245 have pin and slot connections 248 and 241 respectively with the connector |58 and the slide 236.

When the piston and cylinder device |5| 'is actuated rearwardly to movethe locating fingers into their active positions, the latch 238 rides over the top of the tooth 248 until the notch 236 engages the tooth. Continued rearward movement of the slide 236 causes the lever 92 to be rocked rearwardly. from the position of Fig. 5 tothat of Fig. 3 and the table control plunger 80 depressed.

This releases the dog 86 (Fig. l2), but the stop plunger 53remains in its depressed or table stopping position due to the reduced pressure at its lower end caused by the'connection of the ports 83 and 84. When the piston and cylinder device .|5| is reversed to Withdraw the locating fingers |55) the control plunger 88 is also withdrawn from the position shown in Fig.v 3 to the position shown j switch arm 232 so that the `switch 230 opens and terminates the clamping cycle of the control shaft |85. It Will be noted that the control plunger is maintained in its depressed position by .the

latch 238 throughout substantially the Ventire clamping cycle ofy the fixture and duringrsuch time it is impossible for the operator to institute and providing an abutment lying in the path of' the arm 24| in its forward movement.

Injury to the operator is prevented by a safety trip mechanism which requires actuation simultaneously with the starting switchl 2 1 in order to initiate operation of the machine,y thereby insuring withdrawal of both of the operators hands from the fixture before the cover thereof is closed.

The safety trip mechanism comprises a hand lever 258 fixed on the forward end of a horizontal rock shaft 25| mounted in the base 96 of the fixture.A The rock shaft 25| extends rearwardly and adjacent the rear end thereof, an arm 252 is fixed. The

In the use of the safety trip mechanism, the

hand lever 258 must be actuated and the latch 255 held out of the path of the shoulder 256 until the rack |54 has been moved a substantial distance in a cover-closing direction.

Operation At the start, the table |4 is in the central position of Fig. 1, the cover 91 is in its open position, the ejecting pins |26 are in their lowermost or inactive positions, and the locating fingers are withdrawn to their inoperative positions as shown in Fig. '7. The operator inserts one piston W into each sleeve 98 with thev closed ends of the pistons facing downwardly in position to contact the locating pins 99a. In loading the s pistons W, the operator places the bearings A in approximate alinement with the tools.

The operation of the machine may then be instituted, and for this purpose the operator must withdraw bothhands from the fixture and simultaneously actuate the safety trip handle 250 and the starting switch 2|1.

The closure of the switch2|1 starts the motor Y|89 which by rotation of the control shaft |85, causes the cam 225 to close the switch 22| to establish a running circuit for the motor. As the control shaft |85 rotates, the cam |82 actuates the valve member |68 to close the cover 91. 4In

the closing movement of the cover 91 the clamps I5 are positioned within the skirts of the pistons \W and the clamping bars |02 are yieldingly pressed into engagement with the upper ends of the pistons W so as to move the same into contact engage -the sides thereof to aline same with the tools.

,While the bearings of the pistons W are held in'alinement with the tools by locating fingers |05, the cam |84 shifts the valve |68 and thereby causes Vthe piston and .cylinder device |52 .to operate the clamps |5 and secure the pistons W in position. The cam |83 then permits withdrawal of the locating fingers |05 out of the path of the tools. Rotaticnof the control shaft |84 is now stopped due to opening of the switch 230 in the running circuit by movement of the Work table |4 from its. central position.

` The initiation or the automatic cycleof table movement is controlled by the shaft |85 through the medium of the piston and'cylinder device |5| which, during its actuation of the locating nngers |05 also operates the manual table control plunger 80. In the rearward movement of the locating fingers |05,.the slide 236 and its-latch `238 are actuated rearwardly so that the latch rocks the lever 92 and depresses the table controlv plunger 80. The hydraulic connections between the plunger 80 and the table stop valve 53 cause v the latter to-be depressed, thereby-'releasing the table-stopping position until the plunger is withdrawn by forward movement of the locating fingers |65. The stop valve 53 is then released for upward movement whereby it institutes the table movement.

Due to the positioning of the direction valve 23, the table moves to the left (Fig. i9) and after moving the pistons W through a roughing operation with respect to the tools I2, the dog 59 engages the reversing valve plunger 41 which causes reversal of the direction valve 23, resets the reversing plunger 46 in its uppermost position, and institutes movement of the table I4 to the right. In such movement to the right, the dog 86 is ineffective and the table moves to the right until the finishing operation is performed by the tools |29, after which the reversing valve plunger `46 is actuated and the table reversed so as to return to the left to its central position.

As the table reaches its central position in its movement to the left (Fig. 19) the stop dog 86 depresses the stop plunger 53 and stops the table. Simultaneously, the dog 23| actuates the arm 232 (Fig. 12) and closes the switch 230, thus closing the running circuit to the motor |89 and instituting the unclamping cycle of the control shaft |85. In the initial portion of this cycle the cam |84 permits the valve |68 to return to its initial position thereby causing the clamps I5 to be released. The valve |66 is then permitted to reverse its position andthe cover is opened by its actuating device |50, and at substantially the same time the notch 221 in the cam 226 is moved into registry with the plunger 223 so that the switch 22| is opened and the rotation of the control shaft |85 stopped.

As the cover opens, the pawl |39 (Fig. 11) engages the tooth |4| on the rotatable arm |33, and through the link |42, levers |4| and |2|, causes the work ejecting pins |26 to be moved upwardly against the retracting action of the spring |3|. After the pistons W have been raised a sufficient distance to overcome any wedging action between the pistons and the sleeves 98, the pawl |39 engages the stationary cam surface |46 and is shift- A ed radially to release the tooth |4| so that the ejector pins are withdrawn by the spring 3|. In the subsequent closing of the cover, the pawl |39 is again engaged with the tooth |4| and conditioned for actuating the ejector pins.

The operator then removes and replaces the iinished work and institutes another cycle of operation as above described.

It should be observed that in the forward movement of the slide 236, the latch 238 strikes the abutment screw 248 and is disengaged from the plunger operating arm 92 so that the table may be stopped at any time during the machine operation by shifting one of the manually operable control levers 94. d

I claim as my invention:

1. A machine tool having, in combination, an element movable in a work performing cycle and having an idle position, a work iixture, a work clamping device on said fixture, power driven means controlling the movements of said device, a manually operable member for initiating operation o f said power driven means to cause clamping movement of said device, means constituting a running circuit for supplying power to said power driven means to continue operation thereof after actuation of said manually operable member, a control member for said element operable by said power driven means after completion of said clamping movement to initiate the cyclic movement of said element, means governed by said element and operable upon movement of said element from its idle position to interrupt said running circuit and stop said power driven means and operable upon return of said element to its IS idle position to reestablish said running circuit to cause unclamping movement of said device, and means to break said running circuit upon completion of said unclamping movement.

2. A machine tool having relatively movable 10 tool and work supports, means operable to move one of said supports automatically through a work performing cycle and to stop said support upon completion of said cycle, a work fixture on said work support, a work-clamping device on said l5 xture, actuating means for said device operable to move said device successively through a clamping movement and an unclamping movement, means for manually initiating said clamping movement, means operable as an incident to the 20 clamping movement of said device to initiate the working cycle of said movable support, and means responsive to movement of said movable support to interrupt the operation of said device and at the end of said working cycle to initiate the un- 25 clamping movement of said device.

`3. A machine tool having an element movable in a work performing operation, a work fixture having a clamp, actuating means for said clamp,

a control device for said actuating means, a mo- 30 tor for driving said control device, a normally open starting circuit for said motor adapted to be manually closed, a running circuit for said motor arranged to be opened after a predetermined number of revolutions of said motor, a 35 switch in saidrunning circuit controlled by said element, and means adapted to be actuated by said control device to initiate movement of said element.

4. A work fixture having a seat for the work, o

a clamp for securing the work against said seat, an actuator for operating said clamp, a work ejector normally urged toward an inactive position, a disengageable vlatch connection between said actuator and said ejector forv moving said w ejector to its active positionas'said actuator releases said clamp, and means operable to release said latch connection during the terminal portion of the releasing movement of the clamp to permit return of said ejector to its normal inac- 50 tive position.

5. A machine tool having a base, a movable work table, automatically operable means for moving said table through a work performing cycle, said means including a manually shiftable 5s control member on said base for starting and stopping the movement of said table, a work fixture mounted on and movable with said table, means for clamping a work piece in position on said fixture, and an element on said fixture posi- 50 tioned adjacent said control member when said table is in its idle position and movable as an incident to the operation of said clamping means to actuate said control member and institute said cycle. 05 6. In a machine tool having a movable ele` ment, automatically controlled means for actuating said element, said means including a control member movable into one position to prepare said means for initiation of the working 70 movement of said element, and then into another position to initiate said movement, a work-clamping fixture, actuating means for clamping said fixture, and means operable as an incident to the clamping operation to move said control mem-.i5

ber to said one position during said clamping 7. In a machine tool having an element movable in a Work performing operation, automatically controlled means for driving said element through a work performing cycle, said means including a control member operable iirst in one position to prepare said means for initiation of said cycle, and then in another position'to effect initiation of said cycle, a work clamping xture, actuating means for clamping said fixture, means operable as an incident to said clamping operation to move said control member to said one position during said clamping operation and then to said other position.

8. A machine tool comprising tool and work supports mounted for relative movement along a given path, a tool on Said tool support, a work xture on said work support adapted to have a work piece inserted thereinto laterally with rey spect to said path to position the work piece in said fixture for engagement with said tool, a closure member to enclose the work piece Within the xture, and a guard on said fixture extending longitudinally with respect to said path beyond said tool to guard said tool in all positions of said supports relative to each other.

9. In a boring machine having a bed, oppositely positioned alined boring tools mounted substantially horizontally at opposite ends of said bed and projecting toward each other, a table mounted on said bed for reciprocation parallel to said tools, a work fixture mounted on said table between said tools, said iixture having a hollow base section open at the top and having side walls projecting upwardly beyond said tools,

means providing a work receiving seat Within said base section, shiftable closure means for the top of said base section, said side walls having openings therein to permit engagement of said tools with the work, and guards secured to said base section and extending in opposite directions from said iixture above and downwardly along the sides of the tools.

10. A machine tool having a work-clamping device, power means for actuating said device, manually operable control means for eiecting clamping operation of said device by said power means, a latch normally preventing operation of said device by said power means, and manually operable releasing means for said latch requiring actuation by one hand of the operator while the operators other hand is used to operate said control means.

11. In a work iixture, the combination of a hollow base, means providing a seat for receiving a cylindrical work piece having a transverse bore, a slide mounted for movement transversely of the axes of the Work piece and the bore, a pair of elongated locating fingers with their longitudinal axes extending generally along the path of movement of said slide, and pivoted intermediate their ends on said slide for scissors-like movement, the corresponding ends of said iingers extending toward each other for movement into the ends of said bore, and cam means acting between said base and the other ends of said fingers to pivot the same toward and away-from each other in the reciprocation of said slide.

12. A work-locating device comprising a pair of ngers, a reciprocable slide upon which said iingers are pivoted for movement of corresponding ends of said fingers laterally into opposite ends of a bore in a work piece, said slide being mounted for movement transversely with respect to the desired longitudinal direction of the bore, and cam means operable in the movement of said slide toward the work to pivot said fingers into the end of said bore and in retractive movement of said slide to move said lingers outv of'the bore.

13. A work-locating device for a generally cylindrical Work piece with a bore at right angles to its axis comprising a support, work-locating elements mounted on .aid support for movement toward and away from each other to position the same from the exterior of the Work piece within opposite ends of the bore, said support being movable in a direction transverse to the direction of said first mentioned movement to cause said elements when in the bore to rotate the work until both elements contact the side of the borev -to locate the axis of the bore, and means for imparting said movements respectively and in unison to ,said support and elements.

14. A machine tool comprising, in combination, a pair of tools for operating in opposite ends of a bore in a work piece, means for moving said tools from positions spaced from the work piece into said bore, work-locating elements for positioning said work piece to' aline said bore with said tools, means for moving said elements transversely of said tools, and means for superimposing upon said transverse movement a movement longitudinally of said tools to position said elements within said bore, the transverse' movement thereby rotating said work piece, said elements thereafter being withdrawn to positions out of the wa. of said tools.

15. A machine tool comprising relatively movable tool and work supports, means for moving one of said supports through a work performing cycle, work-clamping means on said work support, mechanism for eiiecting the clamping and unclamping movements of said work-clamping means, manually operable control means for said mechanism to initiate clamping movement of said work-clamping means, means for initiating movement of said support-moving means operable by said work-clamping means, and control means in parallel with said manually operable control means operable by the movable support at the start of said cycle to halt operation of said mechanism at the completion of the clamping movement and at the end of said cycle to renew operation of said mechanism to effect unclamping movement of said work-clamping means.

16. A machine tool having an element movable in a work performing operation, means for moving said element, a work xture having a clamp, i

an actuator for said clamp, a control device' for said actuator, a motor for driving said control device, a normally open starting circuit for said motor adapted to be manually closed, a rmining circuit for said motor, a switch in said running circuit adapted to be held closed by said element but adapted to be opened and closed by movement of said element to hal*J and renew operation of said device, and a second switch in said running circuit adapted to be opened by said control device to stop operation of said device.

17. A machine tool having an elementmovable in a work performing operation, mechanism for moving said element through a working cycle, a work fixture having clamping means, an actuator for eiecting clamping and unclamping movements of said clamping means, a. control device for said actuator, a motor for driving said 

